Most of the rivet options on the Panther build are open and interchangeable. There are some rivets requirements are not optional and are duly noted on the plans. If the plans indicate “or equivalent” then the builder has the option of the rivet called out or an equivalent strength/grip length rivet according to the rivet manufacturer guidelines. In general the builder can choose from:
•Protruding head pulled rivets
•Flush/countersunk pulled rivets.
•Flush solid aircraft rivets - MS20426AD3 (ACS calls them AN426AD3) (only for attaching skins)
**NOTE – You cannot use 5052 Aluminum (A) rivets as the sheer strength is not high enough
**NOTE – SPA highly recommends only experienced builders use solid rivets for attaching skins. If you are planning to use solid rivets for attaching the skins on your Panther please make sure you are well versed with determining the proper grip length for the rivet application and that you have the proper tools for the job. There is a great deal of online and printed material on the proper procedure, please make good use of this.
** NOTE - Regarding rivet options for hinge: The side of the hinge that attaches to the control surface will be a protruding head rivet, EXCEPT for the trim tab (depends if you are using countersunk or protruding head rivets on your skin). The side of the hinge that attaches to the main structure will use the rivet type you are using on the skin, and length according to rivet length guidelines.
**Note - some builders prefer stainless steel rivets on the hinges for the additional shear strength.
Rivet guidelines:
•Rivet length is determined by the rivet grip guidelines of the rivet chosen. Please follow the guidelines of the rivet manufacturer.
•If the rivet is specified on the plans then use that rivet or the equivalent strength/grip length. This is not optional.
•If aluminum is attaching to steel then a stainless steel rivet is required.
•Closed end rivets are used on the fuel tanks.
•Rivet installation orientation – In general you should attempt to place the factory head against the thinnest metal. IE – when fastening .1875” to .032” the factory head lays against the .032”. This is not always possible, but should be practiced as a general guideline when it is. On the plans occasionally the rivet orientation will be shown or noted. This typically for ease of assembly or adequate access for the rivet puller. (The factory head is the preformed head that sits against the rivet puller. The other side is called the shop head.)
